In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, add cake flour, granulated sugar, kosher salt, and baking soda. Mix on low speed to combine.
Add butter pieces one at a time, mixing until the mixture looks like fine crumbs and there are no visible butter pieces, about 1 minute.
Add buttermilk, egg, egg yolk, and vanilla extract. Beat on medium speed until the batter is light and fluffy, about 1 minute, scraping down the sides of the bowl as needed.
Fold in ½ cup of mini chocolate chips, reserving the rest for the topping.
Pour batter evenly into the prepared pan and smooth the top.
Break the crumb topping into small chunks using your hands or a fork. Scatter it evenly over the batter, making sure to cover the top completely.
Top with the remaining chocolate chips.
Bake for 38 to 40 minutes, or until the crumb topping is golden and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs but no wet batter.
Let the cake cool in the pan on a wire rack for 30 minutes. Use the aluminum foil overhang to lift the cake out of the pan and cool completely.
Dust with confectioners’ sugar just before serving.