To the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with paddle attachment, add flour, sugar, salt, and baking soda. Mix on low speed to combine.
Add butter pieces, one at a time, mixing until there are no visible butter pieces and it has a very fine crumb, about 1 minute.
Add buttermilk, whole egg, egg yolk, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla. Beat on medium speed until light and fluffy, about 1 minute, stopping to scrape the bowl as needed.
Pour batter evenly into the prepared pan, spreading with a spatula if needed.
Sprinkle the blueberries evenly on top of the batter.
Using your hands or a fork, break up the topping into pieces. Spread the topping in an even layer on top of the blueberries.
Bake for 45-50 minutes, or until crumbs are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean.
Let the cake cool in the pan on a wire rack for 30 minutes. Then, using the excess aluminum foil, lift the cake out of the pan to continue cooling.
Dust with confectioners’ sugar just before serving.